gyratory crusher ing principle

The gyratory crusher operates based on the principle of compressive crushing, where a mantle gyrates within a concave bowl to break large rocks into smaller pieces. Here’s a detailed breakdown of its working principle:

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Key Components:
1. Concave (Fixed Outer Surface): A lined, stationary outer shell that forms the crushing chamber.
2. Mantle (Moving Inner Cone): A rotating cone mounted on an eccentric shaft that gyrates eccentrically within the concave.
3. Eccentric Drive Mechanism: Causes the mantle to perform a conical swing (gyration) around the central axis.
4. Spider Assembly: Supports the upper part of the crusher and houses the eccentric.

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Working Principle:

1. Feed Introduction:
– Large rocks are fed into the top of the crusher through a feed hopper.
– Material enters the gap between the mantle and concave.

2. Gyrating Motion:
– The mantle rotates eccentrically (not centered) driven by the eccentric assembly at the bottom.
– As it moves, it alternately approaches and recedes from points on the concave liner.

3. Crushing Action:
– When the mantle moves toward the concave, rocks are compressed and crushed (compression phase).
– When it moves away, crushed material falls downward due to gravity (discharge phase).
– This cyclical process continues until particles are small enough to exit through the discharge opening at the bottom.

4. Discharge Setting Adjustment:
– The gap between the mantle and concave determines product size.
– Adjusting this gap (via hydraulic or mechanical systems) controls output fineness.

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Advantages Over Jaw Crushers:
– Higher capacity (~3× more than jaw crushers for similar sizes).
– Continuous crushing action (less downtime).
– Better suited for hard, abrasive materials (e.g., granite, basalt).

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Applications:
– Primary crushing in mines/quarrying.
– Ore processing (e.g., copper, iron ore).
– Aggregates production for construction.

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Diagrammatic Summary:
“`
Feed Material
↓
Enters Crushing Chamber
↓
Mantle Gyrates → Compresses Rocks Against Concave
↓
Crushed Material Falls Downward
↓
Discharged via Bottom Opening
“`

This principle ensures efficient reduction of large rock fragments into smaller,