gold mining process diagrams

Here are simplified gold mining process diagrams and descriptions for different stages of gold extraction:

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1. Exploration & Prospecting
– Diagram: Shows geological surveys, sampling, and drilling.
– Process: Geologists identify potential gold deposits using soil/rock sampling, satellite imagery, and drilling.

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2. Open-Pit Mining
– Diagram: Illustrates stepped benches, haul trucks, and drills.
– Process:
1. Remove overburden (topsoil/rock).
2. Blast and excavate ore.
3. Transport ore to processing plants.

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3. Underground Mining
– Diagram: Shafts, tunnels, and stopes.
– Process:
– Access deep veins via shafts/tunnels.
– Extract ore using methods like cut-and-fill or block caving.

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4. Ore Processing (Comminution)
– Diagram: Crushing → Grinding (ball mills).
– Process: Reduce ore size for further treatment.

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5. Gold Extraction Methods
# A. Gravity Separation
– Diagram: Sluice boxes/jigs separating dense gold from ore.
– Process: Uses water flow to isolate gold particles.

# B. Cyanidation (Leaching)
– Diagram: Mixing crushed ore with cyanide solution in tanks.
– Process:
1. Ore is leached with cyanide to dissolve gold.
2. Gold-rich solution is filtered.

# C. Carbon-in-Pulp (CIP)
– Diagram: Adsorption tanks with activated carbon.
– Process: Carbon captures gold from cyanide solution.

# D. Merrill-Crowe Process
– Diagram: Zinc powder added to precipitate gold.
– Process: Zinc displaces gold from solution.

# E. Electrowinning/Refining
– Diagram: Electrolytic cells with cathodes.
– Process: Electric current extracts pure gold from solution.

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6. Smelting & Final Refining
– Diagram: Furnace melting doré bars.
– Process:
1. Smelt impure gold into bars.
2. Refine via chlorination or electrolysis (e.g., Wohlwill process).

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Key Visual Elements for Diagrams:
– Flowcharts showing each stage from mining → refining.
– Equipment icons (c