antimony ore regularly

It seems like you’re asking about antimony ore and possibly its regular production, mining, or processing. Here’s a structured overview:

1. What is Antimony Ore?
Antimony (Sb) is a lustrous gray metalloid primarily extracted from stibnite (Sb₂S₃), the most common antimony ore. Other ores include valentinitSb₂O₃) and cervantite (Sb³⁺Sb⁵⁺O₄).

2. Global Production
Antimony is mined regularly in several countries:
– China: Dominates global supply (~60% of production), with major mines in Hunan, Guangxi, and Guizhou.
– Russia: Significant production from the Sakha Republic.
– Tajikistan: The Anzob plant is a key producer.
– Bolivia: Historically important (e.g., Caracota mine).
– Australia: Emerging projects like Costerfield Mine.

3. Mining & Processing
– Extraction: Stibnite is typically crushed, concentrated via flotation, and then roasted to produce antimony oxide (Sb₂O₃).
– Refining: Oxide is reduced to metal using carbon or iron sulfide.

4. Uses of Antimony
– Flame retardants (~60% of demand, used in plastics/textiles).
– Lead-acid batteries (hardens lead grids).
– Alloys (e.g., pewter, solder).
– Chemicals/Catalysts.

5. Market Trends
– Prices fluctuate due to China’s export controls and environmental policies.
– Recycling (e.g., from old batteries) supplements supply.

Challenges:
– Toxicity: Antimony mining/processing requires strict environmental controls.
– Geopolitical risks: Supply chain vulnerabilities due to China’s dominance.

Would you like details on a specific aspect (e.g., mining locations, trade data)?