manganese mining chinese

China is a major player in manganese mining, both as a producer and consumer. Here’s an overview of China’s involvement in manganese:

1. Manganese Mining in China
– Production: China is one of the world’s top manganese producers, though it relies heavily on imports due to insufficient domestic reserves.
– Key Regions: Major manganese deposits are found in:
– Guangxi (largest producer)
– Hunan
– Guizhou
– Yunnan
– Ore Quality: Chinese manganese ore is generally low-grade (20-30% Mn), requiring beneficiation.

2. Chinese Companies in Global Manganese Mining
China dominates global manganese processing (for steel and batteries) and invests heavily in overseas mines:
– Tianyuan Manganese Industry (TMI) – One of the world’s largest electrolytic manganese producers.
– Sinosteel & CITIC Group – Invest in African mines (e.g., Gabon, South Africa).
– Ningxia Tianyuan Manganese – Major refiner, sourcing from Ghana, Australia.

3. China’s Dependence on Imports
Despite domestic production, China imports ~70% of its manganese needs due to:
– High demand for steelmaking (manganese strengthens steel).
– Growing battery sector (EVs use high-purity Mn for Li-ion batteries).

Major suppliers:
✔ South Africa (~40% of China’s imports)
✔ Australia (~20%)
✔ Gabon (~15%, high-grade ore from Comilog)

4. Environmental & Regulatory Issues
– Pollution concerns from mining/processing (e.g., heavy metal contamination).
– Government tightening environmental policies, forcing smaller mines to close.

5. Future Trends
– Rising demand for high-purity manganese for EVs.
– More investments in Africa (e.g., Gabon’s Moanda mine).
– Potential supply chain risks due to geopolitical tensions.

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